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To amend title 18, United States Code, to establish a rebuttable presumption that a defendant who is not a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident poses a danger to the community and a serious risk of flight, for purposes of determining whether to release or detain the defendant pending trial.
Summary
This bill would amend federal criminal law to establish a rebuttable presumption that defendants who are not U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents pose a danger to the community and a serious flight risk for purposes of pretrial detention decisions. Judges would presume detention is necessary for non-citizens unless the defendant rebuts the presumption with clear and convincing evidence. The bill explicitly prohibits consideration of family or employment ties in the United States as grounds to rebut the presumption. The bill would apply to all pretrial release hearings for non-citizens in federal court.
AI-generated plain-language summary of the bill text — neutral, and may be imperfect. See the full text below for the exact wording.
Sponsor (1)
- Sen. Lee, Mike [R-UT] (R-UT)
12 cosponsors
- Sen. Banks, Jim [R-IN] (R-IN)
- Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN] (R-TN)
- Sen. Britt, Katie Boyd [R-AL] (R-AL)
- Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX] (R-TX)
- Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX] (R-TX)
- Sen. Graham, Darline [R-SC] (R-SC)
- Sen. Graham, Lindsey [R-SC] (R-SC)
- Sen. Hawley, Josh [R-MO] (R-MO)
- Sen. McCormick, David [R-PA] (R-PA)
- Sen. Moody, Ashley [R-FL] (R-FL)
- Sen. Ricketts, Pete [R-NE] (R-NE)
- Sen. Tillis, Thomas [R-NC] (R-NC)
Actions (2)
- Nov 19, 2025 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. · senate
- Nov 19, 2025 Introduced in Senate
Similar bills (6)
Bills with similar text or summary — includes reintroductions across Congresses. Ranked by semantic similarity of the bill text (computed locally); a neutral discovery aid, not a claim the bills are duplicates.
Full text
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
November 19, 2025
Mr. Lee (for himself, Mr. Graham, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Cruz, Mr. Hawley, Mr. Tillis, Mrs. Blackburn, Mrs. Moody, Mr. Ricketts, Mr. Banks, Mr. McCormick, and Mrs. Britt) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To amend title 18, United States Code, to establish a rebuttable presumption that a defendant who is not a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident poses a danger to the community and a serious risk of flight, for purposes of determining whether to release or detain the defendant pending trial.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Flight Risk Reduction Act”.
SEC. 2. RELEASE OR DETENTION OF A DEFENDANT PENDING TRIAL.
(a) Basis for Detention Hearing.—Section 3142(f)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (E) as clauses (i) through (v), respectively; and adjusting the margins accordingly;
(2) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by striking “subparagraphs (A) through (C) of this paragraph” each place it appears and inserting “clauses (i) through (iii) of this subparagraph”;
(3) by striking “, in a case that involves—” and inserting the following: “—
“(A) in a case that involves”; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
“(B) if such person is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States; or”.
(b) Detention.—Section 3142(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking “subsection (f)(1)” each place it appears and inserting “subsection (f)(1)(A)”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(4)(A) Notwithstanding subsection (d), if the person is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States, it shall be presumed that no condition or combination of conditions will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required and the safety of any other person and the community, subject to rebuttal by the person by clear and convincing evidence.
“(B) Ties to family or employment in the United States shall not be grounds for rebuttal of the presumption under subparagraph (A).”. <all>
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