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Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025
Summary
HR 28 amends Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to prohibit schools and organizations receiving federal financial assistance from allowing individuals whose sex is male to participate in athletic programs designated for women or girls. For purposes of this law, sex is determined based solely on reproductive biology and genetics at birth. The bill permits males to train or practice with women's or girls' athletic teams provided no female loses a roster spot, participation opportunity, scholarship, or other benefit. The Comptroller General is directed to study the adverse effects on girls of allowing males to participate in girls' sports and report findings to Congress.
AI-generated plain-language summary of the bill text — neutral, and may be imperfect. See the full text below for the exact wording.
Sponsor (1)
83 cosponsors
- Rep. Aderholt, Robert B. [R-AL-4] (R-AL)
- Rep. Allen, Rick W. [R-GA-12] (R-GA)
- Rep. Arrington, Jodey C. [R-TX-19] (R-TX)
- Rep. Babin, Brian [R-TX-36] (R-TX)
- Rep. Barr, Andy [R-KY-6] (R-KY)
- Rep. Bean, Aaron [R-FL-4] (R-FL)
- Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5] (R-AZ)
- Rep. Biggs, Sheri [R-SC-3] (R-SC)
- Rep. Bilirakis, Gus M. [R-FL-12] (R-FL)
- Rep. Bost, Mike [R-IL-12] (R-IL)
- Rep. Brecheen, Josh [R-OK-2] (R-OK)
- Rep. Buchanan, Vern [R-FL-16] (R-FL)
- Rep. Burlison, Eric [R-MO-7] (R-MO)
- Rep. Cammack, Kat [R-FL-3] (R-FL)
- Rep. Carter, Earl L. "Buddy" [R-GA-1] (R-GA)
- Rep. Ciscomani, Juan [R-AZ-6] (R-AZ)
- Rep. Cline, Ben [R-VA-6] (R-VA)
- Rep. Comer, James [R-KY-1] (R-KY)
- Rep. Crank, Jeff [R-CO-5] (R-CO)
- Rep. Crenshaw, Dan [R-TX-2] (R-TX)
- Rep. Davidson, Warren [R-OH-8] (R-OH)
- Rep. De La Cruz, Monica [R-TX-15] (R-TX)
- Rep. Downing, Troy [R-MT-2] (R-MT)
- Rep. Dunn, Neal P. [R-FL-2] (R-FL)
- Rep. Ellzey, Jake [R-TX-6] (R-TX)
- Rep. Estes, Ron [R-KS-4] (R-KS)
- Rep. Ezell, Mike [R-MS-4] (R-MS)
- Rep. Feenstra, Randy [R-IA-4] (R-IA)
- Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1] (R-MN)
- Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5] (R-WI)
- Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3] (R-TN)
- Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5] (R-NC)
- Rep. Franklin, Scott [R-FL-18] (R-FL)
- Rep. Fulcher, Russ [R-ID-1] (R-ID)
- Rep. Gill, Brandon [R-TX-26] (R-TX)
- Rep. Goldman, Craig [R-TX-12] (R-TX)
- Rep. Gonzales, Tony [R-TX-23] (R-TX)
- Rep. Gooden, Lance [R-TX-5] (R-TX)
- Rep. Green, Mark E. [R-TN-7] (R-TN)
- Rep. Griffith, H. Morgan [R-VA-9] (R-VA)
- Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6] (R-WI)
- Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3] (R-MS)
- Rep. Guthrie, Brett [R-KY-2] (R-KY)
- Rep. Hageman, Harriet M. [R-WY-At Large] (R-WY)
- Rep. Harris, Mark [R-NC-8] (R-NC)
- Rep. Hern, Kevin [R-OK-1] (R-OK)
- Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3] (R-LA)
- Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9] (R-IN)
- Rep. Hudson, Richard [R-NC-9] (R-NC)
- Rep. Huizenga, Bill [R-MI-4] (R-MI)
- Rep. Johnson, Dusty [R-SD-At Large] (R-SD)
- Rep. Kelly, Trent [R-MS-1] (R-MS)
- Rep. Kustoff, David [R-TN-8] (R-TN)
- Rep. LaLota, Nick [R-NY-1] (R-NY)
- Rep. Mace, Nancy [R-SC-1] (R-SC)
- Rep. McClain, Lisa C. [R-MI-9] (R-MI)
- Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7] (R-GA)
- Rep. McGuire, John [R-VA-5] (R-VA)
- Rep. Messmer, Mark [R-IN-8] (R-IN)
- Rep. Meuser, Daniel [R-PA-9] (R-PA)
- Rep. Miller, Carol D. [R-WV-1] (R-WV)
- Rep. Miller, Mary E. [R-IL-15] (R-IL)
- Rep. Moore, Riley [R-WV-2] (R-WV)
- Rep. Nehls, Troy E. [R-TX-22] (R-TX)
- Rep. Newhouse, Dan [R-WA-4] (R-WA)
- Rep. Nunn, Zachary [R-IA-3] (R-IA)
- Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5] (R-TN)
- Rep. Owens, Burgess [R-UT-4] (R-UT)
- Rep. Rose, John W. [R-TN-6] (R-TN)
- Rep. Rulli, Michael A. [R-OH-6] (R-OH)
- Rep. Scott, Austin [R-GA-8] (R-GA)
- Rep. Self, Keith [R-TX-3] (R-TX)
- Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (R-NJ)
- Rep. Smith, Jason [R-MO-8] (R-MO)
- Rep. Stauber, Pete [R-MN-8] (R-MN)
- Rep. Taylor, David [R-OH-2] (R-OH)
- Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24] (R-NY)
- Rep. Tiffany, Thomas P. [R-WI-7] (R-WI)
- Rep. Walberg, Tim [R-MI-5] (R-MI)
- Rep. Weber, Randy K. Sr. [R-TX-14] (R-TX)
- Rep. Webster, Daniel [R-FL-11] (R-FL)
- Rep. Wied, Tony [R-WI-8] (R-WI)
- Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1] (R-MT)
Money behind the sponsor
Top reported contributors to W. Gregory Steube’s campaign committee (2024 cycle) — who funds the bill’s sponsor, not a claim about this bill. Data from FEC.
- CHENEY BROTHERS $7,800
- NEXTGEN MANAGEMENT $6,600
- STEPHENS, INC. $6,600
- NEPTUNE WELLNESS SOLUTIONS $6,600
- COOLTODAY $6,600
Organizations whose employees gave the most — itemized individual contributions grouped by the donor’s reported employer (FEC Schedule A). Full finance for W. Gregory Steube → · Outside spending →
Actions (14)
- Jan 15, 2025 Received in the Senate. · senate
- Jan 14, 2025 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. · house
- Jan 14, 2025 On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126) · house
- Jan 14, 2025 Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 206, 1 Present (Roll no. 12). (text: CR H126)
- Jan 14, 2025 On motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 208 - 218 (Roll no. 11). · house
- Jan 14, 2025 Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H139-140) · house
- Jan 14, 2025 POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 28, the Chair put the question on the motion to recommit and announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Adams demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced. · house
- Jan 14, 2025 The previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX. · house
- Jan 14, 2025 Ms. Adams moved to recommit to the Committee on Education and Workforce. (text: CR H137) · house
- Jan 14, 2025 The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule. · house
- Jan 14, 2025 DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 28. · house
- Jan 14, 2025 Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 5. (consideration: CR H126-138) · house
- Jan 3, 2025 Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce. · house
- Jan 3, 2025 Introduced in House
How your representatives voted
Sign in to see how your own representatives voted on HR 28.
Roll-call votes (2)
How the chamber voted on this bill — the outcome, the tally by party, and every member's recorded position. A factual record.
- On PassagePassed
218 Yea · 206 Nay · 1 Present · 9 Not voting
- Republicans37Yea0Nay
- Democrats2Yea26Nay
The party tally and member list below cover the 65 of 434 positions we've recorded so far; the outcome above is the official chamber result.
See how each member voted (65)
Yea(39)
- August Pfluger
- Beth Van Duyne
- Brandon Gill
- Brian Babin
- Brian K. Fitzpatrick
- Chip Roy
- Christopher H. Smith
- Craig A. Goldman
- Dan Crenshaw
- Daniel Meuser
- Glenn Thompson
- Guy Reschenthaler
- Henry Cuellar
- Jake Ellzey
- Jefferson Van Drew
- Jodey C. Arrington
- John Joyce
- John R. Carter
- Keith Self
- Lance Gooden
- Lloyd Smucker
- Michael Cloud
- Michael T. Mccaul
- Mike Kelly
- Monica De La Cruz
- Morgan Luttrell
- Nathaniel Moran
- Pat Fallon
- Pete Sessions
- Randy K. Sr. Weber
- Robert P. Bresnahan
- Roger Williams
- Ronny Jackson
- Ryan Mackenzie
- Scott Perry
- Thomas H. Kean
- Troy E. Nehls
- Vicente Gonzalez
- Wesley Hunt
Nay(26)
- Al Green
- Becca Balint
- Bonnie Watson Coleman
- Brendan F. Boyle
- Chrissy Houlahan
- Christopher R. Deluzio
- Donald Norcross
- Dwight Evans
- Frank Pallone
- Greg Casar
- Herbert C. Conaway
- Jasmine Crockett
- Joaquin Castro
- Josh Gottheimer
- Julie Johnson
- Lamonica Mciver
- Lizzie Fletcher
- Lloyd Doggett
- Madeleine Dean
- Marc A. Veasey
- Mary Gay Scanlon
- Nellie Pou
- Robert Menendez
- Summer L. Lee
- Sylvia R. Garcia
- Veronica Escobar
- On Motion to RecommitFailed
208 Yea · 218 Nay · 8 Not voting
- Republicans0Yea37Nay
- Democrats28Yea0Nay
The party tally and member list below cover the 65 of 434 positions we've recorded so far; the outcome above is the official chamber result.
See how each member voted (65)
Yea(28)
- Al Green
- Becca Balint
- Bonnie Watson Coleman
- Brendan F. Boyle
- Chrissy Houlahan
- Christopher R. Deluzio
- Donald Norcross
- Dwight Evans
- Frank Pallone
- Greg Casar
- Henry Cuellar
- Herbert C. Conaway
- Jasmine Crockett
- Joaquin Castro
- Josh Gottheimer
- Julie Johnson
- Lamonica Mciver
- Lizzie Fletcher
- Lloyd Doggett
- Madeleine Dean
- Marc A. Veasey
- Mary Gay Scanlon
- Nellie Pou
- Robert Menendez
- Summer L. Lee
- Sylvia R. Garcia
- Veronica Escobar
- Vicente Gonzalez
Nay(37)
- August Pfluger
- Beth Van Duyne
- Brandon Gill
- Brian Babin
- Brian K. Fitzpatrick
- Chip Roy
- Christopher H. Smith
- Craig A. Goldman
- Dan Crenshaw
- Daniel Meuser
- Glenn Thompson
- Guy Reschenthaler
- Jake Ellzey
- Jefferson Van Drew
- Jodey C. Arrington
- John Joyce
- John R. Carter
- Keith Self
- Lance Gooden
- Lloyd Smucker
- Michael Cloud
- Michael T. Mccaul
- Mike Kelly
- Monica De La Cruz
- Morgan Luttrell
- Nathaniel Moran
- Pat Fallon
- Pete Sessions
- Randy K. Sr. Weber
- Robert P. Bresnahan
- Roger Williams
- Ronny Jackson
- Ryan Mackenzie
- Scott Perry
- Thomas H. Kean
- Troy E. Nehls
- Wesley Hunt
More bills on these subjects (8)
Other bills that carry the most legislative subjects in common with this one (topical discovery — distinct from the procedural related bills above).
Text versions (2)
Bills are re-published as they move (Introduced → Reported → Engrossed → Enrolled …). Each stage below is a separate text; pick two to see what changed. Data from Congress.gov.
Full text
AN ACT
To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics at birth.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025”.
SEC. 2. AMENDMENT.
Section 901 of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(d)(1) It shall be a violation of subsection (a) for a recipient of Federal financial assistance who operates, sponsors, or facilitates athletic programs or activities to permit a person whose sex is male to participate in an athletic program or activity that is designated for women or girls.
“(2) For the purposes of this subsection, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics at birth.
“(3) For the purposes of this subsection, the term ‘athletic programs and activities’ includes, but is not limited to, all programs or activities that are provided conditional upon participation with any athletic team.
“(4) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a recipient from permitting males to train or practice with an athletic program or activity that is designated for women or girls so long as no female is deprived of a roster spot on a team or sport, opportunity to participate in a practice or competition, scholarship, admission to an educational institution, or any other benefit that accompanies participating in the athletic program or activity.
“(e) The Comptroller General shall carry out a study to determine the meaning of the phrase ‘any other benefit’ as used in subsection
(d)(4) by looking at benefits to women or girls of participating in single sex sports that would be lost by allowing males to participate. The study shall document the adverse psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological results to girls of allowing males to compete, be members of a sports team, or participants in athletic programs, that are designed for girls, including displacement or discouragement from sports participation, deprivation of a roster spot on a team or sport, loss of the opportunity to participate in a practice or competition, loss of a scholarship or scholarship opportunities, loss or displacement of admission to an educational institution, deprivation of the benefit of an environment free of hostility based on sexual assault or harassment, or any other benefit that accompanies participating in the athletics program or activity. Further, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report that contains the results of such study.”.
Passed the House of Representatives January 14, 2025.
Attest:
Clerk. 119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 28
AN ACT
To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics at birth.
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