State constitution
Constitution of Idaho
Data from Idaho State Legislature
Full 21-article structure with condensed section text. Section numbers skipped where the underlying sections were repealed (e.g. Art. IV §19, Art. V §§21-22, Art. X §6, Art. XIII §3). Read the verbatim text at the source link.
Article I Declaration of Rights
§ 1 Inalienable rights of man
All are by nature free and equal and have inalienable rights, including enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring and protecting property, and pursuing happiness and securing safety.
§ 2 Political power inherent in the people
All political power is inherent in the people, who may alter, reform, or abolish their government whenever the public good requires it.
§ 3 State inseparable part of Union
Idaho is an inseparable part of the United States, and the Federal Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
§ 4 Guaranty of religious liberty
The free exercise and enjoyment of religious faith and worship is guaranteed, and no religious test may be required as a qualification to vote or hold office.
§ 5 Right of habeas corpus
The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except when the public safety requires it in case of rebellion or invasion.
§ 6 Right to bail; cruel and unusual punishments prohibited
All offenses are bailable except capital ones where proof is evident, and excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments are prohibited.
§ 7 Right to trial by jury
The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, though civil juries may be waived or reduced in number as provided by law.
§ 8 Prosecution only by indictment or information
Criminal offenses are prosecuted by information after examination or by grand jury indictment, as provided by law.
§ 9 Freedom of speech
Every person may freely speak, write, and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty.
§ 10 Right of assembly
The people have the right to assemble peaceably, to consult for the common good, and to petition the government for redress of grievances.
§ 11 Right to keep and bear arms
The people's right to keep and bear arms shall not be abridged, though the legislature may regulate carrying by convicted felons and the commercial sale of firearms.
§ 12 Military subordinate to civil power
The military is in strict subordination to the civil power, and no soldier is quartered in any house without the owner's consent except as prescribed by law.
§ 13 Guaranties in criminal actions and due process
In criminal cases the accused has the right to a speedy public trial, counsel, confrontation of witnesses, and no person is twice put in jeopardy or deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process.
§ 14 Right of eminent domain
Private property may be taken for public use only upon just compensation, and the necessity and public use are matters for the courts.
§ 15 Imprisonment for debt prohibited
No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action on contract, unless in cases of fraud.
§ 16 Bills of attainder, etc., prohibited
No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
§ 17 Unreasonable searches and seizures prohibited
The people are secure from unreasonable searches and seizures, and no warrant issues without probable cause supported by oath describing the place and things.
§ 18 Justice to be freely and speedily administered
Courts of justice are open to every person, and right and justice are administered without sale, denial, delay, or prejudice.
§ 19 Right of suffrage guaranteed
No power may prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage by any qualified elector.
§ 20 No property qualification required; exceptions
No property qualification is required of electors, except in questions of the issuance of debt or the loan of credit.
§ 21 Reserved rights not impaired
The enumeration of rights in this Constitution does not impair or deny other rights retained by the people.
§ 22 Rights of crime victims
Crime victims have enumerated rights, including to be treated with fairness and respect, to be notified of proceedings, and to be heard at sentencing and release hearings.
§ 23 The rights to hunt, fish and trap
The people have the right to hunt, fish, and trap, subject to statutes and rules that preserve wildlife and manage it by law.
Article II Distribution of Powers
§ 1 Departments of government
The powers of government are divided into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and no person of one branch may exercise the powers of another except as expressly directed or permitted.
Article III Legislative Department
§ 1 Legislative power; enacting clause; referendum; initiative
Legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, and the people reserve the power to approve or reject laws by referendum and to enact laws by initiative.
§ 2 Membership of house and senate
The legislature consists of a senate and house of representatives, whose size and apportionment are fixed as provided.
§ 3 Term of office
Senators and representatives are elected for two-year terms.
§ 4 Apportionment of legislature
The legislature is apportioned by a commission based on the federal census, keeping districts substantially equal in population.
§ 5 Senatorial and representative districts
Districts are formed of contiguous counties and may not divide a county to form a district except as necessary.
§ 6 Qualifications of members
A legislator must be a citizen, a qualified elector, and a resident of the district for the required period.
§ 7 Privilege from arrest
Members are privileged from arrest during the session, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.
§ 8 Sessions of legislature
The legislature meets in regular annual session and may be convened in special session by the governor.
§ 9 Powers of each house
Each house chooses its officers, judges the qualifications of its members, and determines its own rules of procedure.
§ 10 Quorum, adjournments and organization
A majority of each house is a quorum, and neither house may adjourn for more than three days without the other's consent.
§ 11 Expulsion of members
Each house may punish or, by a two-thirds vote, expel a member for disorderly conduct.
§ 12 Secret sessions prohibited
The business of each house and its committees shall be conducted openly and not in secret session.
§ 13 Journal
Each house keeps a journal of its proceedings and enters the yeas and nays on any question at the request of three members.
§ 14 Origin and amendment of bills
Bills may originate in either house, and revenue-raising bills may be amended by the other house as in other cases.
§ 15 Manner of passing bills
No bill becomes law without a majority of all members of each house recorded by yeas and nays on final passage.
§ 16 Unity of subject and title
Every act embraces but one subject, which must be expressed in its title.
§ 17 Technical terms to be avoided
Every act or joint resolution shall be plainly worded, avoiding technical terms as far as practicable.
§ 18 Amendments to be published in full
No law is revised or amended by reference to its title only; the section as amended is re-enacted and published at length.
§ 19 Local and special laws prohibited
The legislature may not pass local or special laws in enumerated cases where a general law can be made applicable.
§ 20 Gambling prohibited
Gambling is contrary to public policy and prohibited, except for a state lottery, pari-mutuel betting, and certain charitable and tribal gaming as specified.
§ 21 Signature of bills and resolutions
The presiding officer of each house signs all bills and joint resolutions passed by the legislature.
§ 22 When acts take effect
No act takes effect until sixty days after the session, except appropriation acts and emergency measures declared by the legislature.
§ 23 Compensation of members
The compensation of legislators is fixed by a citizens' committee, subject to rejection by the legislature.
§ 24 Promotion of temperance and morality
The legislature is directed to promote temperance and morality.
§ 25 Oath of office
Members and officers take an oath to support the state and federal constitutions and to faithfully discharge their duties, disclaiming any bribe.
§ 26 Power and authority over intoxicating liquors
The legislature has full power to permit, control, or prohibit the sale and use of intoxicating liquors.
§ 27 Continuity of governmental operations
The legislature may provide for continuity of state and local government in emergencies caused by enemy attack.
§ 28 Marriage
A marriage between a man and a woman is the only domestic legal union valid or recognized in Idaho (superseded by federal constitutional law).
§ 29 Legislative response to administrative rules
The legislature may approve or reject administrative rules adopted by executive agencies through concurrent resolution.
Article IV Executive Department
§ 1 Executive officers listed; term; residence; duties
The executive officers are the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, controller, treasurer, attorney general, and superintendent of public instruction, elected for four-year terms.
§ 2 Election of officers
Executive officers are elected at the general election at the times and places of voting for members of the legislature.
§ 3 Qualifications of officers
Executive officers must be citizens and qualified electors of the state, and the attorney general must be admitted to practice law.
§ 4 Governor is commander of militia
The governor is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces, except when they are called into federal service.
§ 5 Supreme executive power vested in governor
The supreme executive power is vested in the governor, who sees that the laws are faithfully executed.
§ 6 Governor to appoint officers
The governor nominates and, with senate consent, appoints officers whose appointment is not otherwise provided for, and fills certain vacancies.
§ 7 The pardoning power
The pardoning and commutation power is exercised by a board of pardons as provided by law, with the governor able to grant respites or reprieves.
§ 8 Governor may require reports; messages to legislature
The governor may require written reports from executive officers and gives the legislature information on the state of the state, recommending measures.
§ 9 Extra sessions of legislature
The governor may convene the legislature in extraordinary session by proclamation stating the purpose.
§ 10 Veto power
Every bill is presented to the governor, who may sign it, veto it, or allow it to become law; a veto may be overridden by two-thirds of each house.
§ 11 Disapproval of appropriation bills
The governor may veto individual items in appropriation bills while approving the rest (line-item veto).
§ 12 Lieutenant governor to act as governor
The lieutenant governor performs the governor's duties in case of the governor's absence, death, resignation, or disability.
§ 13 Lieutenant governor is president of senate
The lieutenant governor is president of the senate but votes only when the senate is equally divided.
§ 14 President pro tempore to act as governor
The president pro tempore of the senate acts as governor when both the governor and lieutenant governor are unable to serve.
§ 15 Great seal of the state
The secretary of state keeps the great seal of the state, used to authenticate the governor's official acts.
§ 16 Grants and permissions
All grants and permissions are issued in the name of the state, sealed with the great seal, and signed by the governor.
§ 17 Accounts and reports of officers
Executive officers keep accounts and make reports to the governor and legislature as required by law.
§ 18 Board of examiners
A board of examiners consisting of the governor, secretary of state, and attorney general examines claims against the state.
§ 20 Departments limited
All executive and administrative offices are allocated among not more than twenty principal departments.
Article V Judicial Department
§ 1 Forms of action abolished
The distinctions between actions at law and suits in equity, and the forms of all such actions, are abolished in favor of a single form of civil action.
§ 2 Judicial power; where vested
The judicial power is vested in a court for the trial of impeachments, a supreme court, district courts, and other courts established by the legislature.
§ 3 Impeachments; where and how tried
The house of representatives has the sole power of impeachment, and impeachments are tried by the senate.
§ 4 Impeachments; conviction; governor impeachment
Conviction on impeachment requires two-thirds of the senators present; the chief justice presides when the governor is tried.
§ 5 Treason defined and limited
Treason against the state consists only in levying war against it or aiding its enemies, proved by two witnesses or confession in open court.
§ 6 Supreme court; justices, terms, district judge service
The supreme court consists of five justices elected for six-year terms, and district judges may be assigned to help hear its business.
§ 7 Justices prohibited from holding other offices
Justices of the supreme court may not hold any other office during their term.
§ 8 Terms of supreme court
The supreme court holds its sessions at the seat of government at the times provided by law.
§ 9 Original and appellate jurisdiction
The supreme court has appellate jurisdiction and original jurisdiction to issue extraordinary writs such as mandamus and habeas corpus.
§ 10 Jurisdiction over claims against the state
The supreme court has original jurisdiction to hear claims against the state, though it may not render a judgment for money.
§ 11 District courts; judges and terms
The state is divided into judicial districts, each with elected district judges serving four-year terms.
§ 12 Residence of judges; out-of-district service
District judges must reside in their district and may hold court in another district when requested.
§ 13 Power of legislature respecting courts
The legislature provides for the jurisdiction of courts and the number, terms, and organization of the district courts.
§ 14 Special courts in cities and towns
The legislature may establish courts in incorporated cities and towns for municipal purposes.
§ 15 Clerk of supreme court
The supreme court appoints its own clerk, who holds office at the court's pleasure.
§ 16 District court clerks; election and term
The clerk of the district court in each county is elected for a four-year term.
§ 17 Salaries of justices and judges
Justices and judges receive salaries fixed by law that may not be diminished during their term.
§ 18 Prosecuting attorneys; term and qualifications
A prosecuting attorney is elected in each county for a term and must be admitted to practice law.
§ 19 Vacancies; how filled
Vacancies in judicial office are filled by gubernatorial appointment as provided by law.
§ 20 Jurisdiction of district court
The district court has original jurisdiction in all cases, both at law and in equity, and appellate jurisdiction as provided.
§ 23 Qualifications of district judges
A district judge must be a citizen, learned in the law, and a resident of the district.
§ 24 Judicial districts enumerated
The state is divided into the enumerated judicial districts, which the legislature may change.
§ 25 Defects in law to be reported by judges
Judges report to the legislature defects and omissions they observe in the laws.
§ 26 Court procedure to be general and uniform
The legislature provides for a general and uniform system of practice and procedure in the courts.
§ 27 Change in compensation of officers
The legislature may increase or diminish the compensation of officers other than as limited by the Constitution.
§ 28 Removal of judicial officers
Justices and judges may be removed or disciplined for cause by the supreme court on recommendation of the judicial council.
Article VI Suffrage and Elections
§ 1 Secret ballot guaranteed
All elections by the people are by secret ballot.
§ 2 Qualifications of electors
A qualified elector is a citizen of the United States, eighteen or older, who has resided in the state and county as required by law.
§ 3 Disqualification of certain persons
Persons under guardianship, confined in prison, or convicted of certain crimes may be disqualified from voting as provided by law.
§ 4 Legislature may prescribe additional qualifications
The legislature may prescribe qualifications, limitations, and conditions for the right of suffrage beyond the constitutional minimums.
§ 5 Residence for voting not lost or gained
A voter's residence is not lost or gained by reason of presence or absence while employed in the service of the state or nation.
§ 6 Recall of officers authorized
Every elective public officer is subject to recall by the electors as provided by law.
§ 7 Nonpartisan selection of supreme and district judges
The selection of justices of the supreme court and district judges is on a nonpartisan basis as provided by law.
Article VII Finance and Revenue
§ 1 Fiscal year
The fiscal year commences on the date fixed by the legislature.
§ 2 Revenue to be provided by taxation
The legislature provides a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation to secure a just valuation of all property.
§ 3 Property to be defined and classified
The legislature defines property subject to taxation and may classify property for tax purposes.
§ 4 Public property exempt from taxation
Property of the United States, the state, counties, and municipal corporations is exempt from taxation.
§ 5 Taxes to be uniform; exemptions
All taxes are uniform upon the same class of subjects, and the legislature may allow specified exemptions.
§ 6 Municipal corporations to impose their own taxes
The legislature invests municipal corporations with power to assess and collect taxes for local purposes.
§ 7 State taxes to be paid in full
Every person and corporation pays a tax in proportion to the value of their property as provided by law.
§ 8 Corporate property must be taxed
The property of corporations is subject to taxation the same as that of individuals.
§ 9 Maximum rate of taxation
The legislature may not fix a state tax rate exceeding the constitutional limit except in specified circumstances.
§ 10 Making profit from public money prohibited
No public officer may make a profit out of public money or use it except as authorized by law.
§ 11 Expenditure not to exceed appropriation
No appropriation is made, nor expenditure authorized, exceeding the amount appropriated for a purpose.
§ 12 State tax commission
A state tax commission oversees the administration of revenue laws and county boards of equalization.
§ 13 Money; how drawn from treasury
No money is drawn from the treasury except upon appropriations made by law and on warrant.
§ 14 Money; how drawn from county treasuries
No money is drawn from county treasuries except upon warrant issued according to law.
§ 15 Legislature to provide system of county finance
The legislature provides a system by which counties conduct their financial affairs.
§ 16 Legislature to pass necessary laws
The legislature passes all laws necessary to carry out the revenue and finance provisions.
§ 17 Gasoline taxes and motor vehicle fees
Proceeds of gasoline taxes and motor vehicle registration fees are used exclusively for highway construction and maintenance.
§ 18 Idaho millennium permanent endowment fund
Money received under the tobacco master settlement is deposited in a permanent endowment fund, only the earnings of which may be spent.
Article VIII Public Indebtedness and Subsidies
§ 1 Limitation on public indebtedness
The state may not incur debt exceeding a small fixed amount without voter approval, except to meet casual deficits, repel invasion, or suppress insurrection.
§ 2 Loan of state's credit prohibited; corporate stock; water power
The state's credit may not be loaned to any individual or corporation, and the state may not own stock in any corporation, with a limited exception for water-power development.
§ 2A Municipal bond bank authority
The legislature may establish a municipal bond bank authority to assist local governments in financing public projects.
§ 3 Limitations on county and municipal indebtedness
No county, city, or other subdivision may incur debt exceeding its yearly income without two-thirds voter approval and a provision for repayment.
§ 3A Environmental pollution control revenue bonds
Revenue bonds for environmental pollution control facilities may be issued subject to voter approval as provided.
§ 3B Port district facilities; revenue bonds
Port districts may finance facilities and projects through revenue bonds without the ordinary debt limit.
§ 3C Hospitals and health services financing
Public entities may finance hospitals and health-care facilities through authorized revenue financing.
§ 3D Municipal electric systems; authorized indebtedness
Municipalities may incur revenue indebtedness to acquire or improve electric systems as provided.
§ 3E Airports; revenue and special facility bonds
Airport-related projects may be financed through revenue and special facility bonds as provided.
§ 4 County, etc., not to loan or give its credit
No county, city, or subdivision may lend or give its credit to, or become a stockholder in, any company or corporation.
§ 5 Special revenue financing
The legislature may authorize public bodies to enter special revenue financing arrangements not counted as ordinary debt.
Article IX Education and School Lands
§ 1 Legislature to establish system of free schools
The legislature establishes and maintains a general, uniform, and thorough system of free public schools.
§ 2 Board of education
The general supervision of the public school system is vested in a state board of education.
§ 3 Public school permanent endowment fund to remain intact
The public school permanent endowment fund remains forever inviolate and intact, with only its earnings applied to schools.
§ 4 Public school permanent endowment fund defined
The fund consists of proceeds from school lands and other grants and gifts dedicated to public schools.
§ 5 Sectarian appropriations prohibited
No public money may be appropriated to help support any sectarian or religious school or institution.
§ 6 Religious test and teaching in school prohibited
No religious test or sectarian teaching may be required or allowed in the public schools.
§ 7 State board of land commissioners
A state board of land commissioners directs the management and disposal of state lands.
§ 8 Location and disposition of public lands
State lands are managed to secure the maximum long-term financial return, and are sold or leased as provided by law.
§ 9 Compulsory attendance at schools
The legislature requires by law that children attend the public schools during the required period unless otherwise educated.
§ 10 State university; location, regents, tuition, lands
The location of the state university is at Moscow, governed by a board of regents, with its endowment lands protected.
§ 11 Investing permanent endowment funds
The state board of land commissioners may invest permanent endowment funds to preserve and grow them.
Article X Public Institutions
§ 1 State to establish and support institutions
Institutions for the benefit of those needing public care are established and supported by the state as provided by law.
§ 2 Seat of government
The seat of government is at Boise City.
§ 3 Seat of government; change in location
The seat of government may not be changed except by a two-thirds vote of the people.
§ 4 Property of territory becomes property of state
All property and institutions of the Territory of Idaho become the property and institutions of the state.
§ 5 State prisons; control over
The state prisons are under the control and management provided by law.
§ 7 Change in location of institutions
The location of state institutions may not be changed except as provided by law.
Article XI Corporations, Public and Private
§ 1 Certain grants and charters invalidated
Charters and franchises under which no organization or actual business occurred before the Constitution took effect are void.
§ 2 Special charters prohibited
Corporations may be formed only under general laws, and no special charters may be granted.
§ 3 Revocation and alteration of charters
The legislature reserves the power to alter, revoke, or annul any corporate charter when injurious to the public.
§ 4 Cumulative voting
Shareholders may cumulate their votes in the election of corporate directors.
§ 5 Regulation and control of railroads
Railroads are declared public highways and common carriers subject to legislative control of their rates and conduct.
§ 6 Equal transportation rights guaranteed
Railroads may not discriminate in charges or facilities among persons and shippers for like service.
§ 7 Acceptance of Constitution by corporations
Existing corporations must file acceptance of the Constitution to enjoy its benefits and continue their franchises.
§ 8 Right of eminent domain and police power reserved
The exercise of eminent domain and the police power over corporations is reserved to the state and never abridged.
§ 9 Increase in capital stock
No corporation may increase its capital stock without consent of a majority of shareholders after notice.
§ 10 Regulation of foreign corporations
Foreign corporations doing business in Idaho are subject to the same regulation as domestic corporations.
§ 11 Constructing railroad in city or town
No railroad may be built through a city or town without the local authorities' consent.
§ 12 Retroactive laws favoring corporations prohibited
The legislature may not pass retroactive laws relieving corporations from obligations.
§ 13 Telegraph and telephone companies
Telegraph and telephone companies are common carriers subject to legislative regulation and required interconnection.
§ 14 Consolidation with foreign corporations
A domestic corporation may not consolidate with a foreign corporation controlling a parallel or competing line without approval.
§ 15 Transfer of franchises
No corporation may lease or transfer its franchise so as to relieve it from its obligations or duties.
§ 16 Term "corporation" defined
The word corporation includes all associations and joint-stock companies having corporate powers not possessed by individuals.
§ 17 Liability of stockholders; dues
Dues from corporations are secured by such means as the legislature provides, and stockholder liability is as prescribed.
§ 18 Combinations in restraint of trade prohibited
Monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade are unlawful, and the legislature enacts laws to prevent them.
Article XII Corporations, Municipal
§ 1 General laws for cities and towns
The legislature provides by general laws for the incorporation, organization, and classification of cities and towns.
§ 2 Local police regulations authorized
Cities, towns, and counties may make and enforce local police, sanitary, and other regulations not in conflict with general laws.
§ 3 State not to assume local indebtedness
The state may not assume the debt of any county, city, or subdivision unless incurred to defend against invasion or insurrection.
§ 4 Municipal corporations not to loan credit
No county, city, or subdivision may lend or give its credit to, or become a stockholder in, any company or corporation.
Article XIII Immigration and Labor
§ 1 Bureau of immigration; commissioner
The legislature may establish a bureau of immigration, labor, and statistics under a commissioner.
§ 2 Protection and hours of labor
The legislature enacts laws to protect the health and safety of workers and may regulate hours of labor.
§ 4 Child labor in mines prohibited
No child under fourteen may be employed in underground mines.
§ 5 Aliens not to be employed on public work
No person not a citizen or declarant may be employed on state or local public works, subject to exceptions.
§ 6 Mechanics' liens to be provided
The legislature provides by law for the speedy and efficient enforcement of mechanics' and laborers' liens.
§ 7 Boards of arbitration
The legislature may establish boards of arbitration to settle disputes between employers and employees.
§ 8 Duties and compensation of commissioner
The duties and compensation of the commissioner of immigration and labor are fixed by law.
Article XIV Militia
§ 1 Persons subject to military duty
All able-bodied male citizens of the required age are subject to military duty, with exemptions provided by law.
§ 2 Legislature to provide for enrollment
The legislature provides for the enrollment, organization, and equipment of the militia.
§ 3 Selection and commission of officers
Militia officers are selected and commissioned as provided by law, with the governor commissioning them.
§ 4 Preservation of records, banners, and relics
The legislature provides for safekeeping the state's military records, banners, and relics.
§ 5 National and state flags only to be carried
The militia carries only the national and state flags.
§ 6 Importation of armed forces prohibited
No armed body of men from another state may enter Idaho except as authorized by law.
Article XV Water Rights
§ 1 Use of waters a public use
The use of all waters appropriated for sale, rental, or distribution is a public use subject to state regulation.
§ 2 Right to collect rates a franchise
The right to collect rates for water supplied for public use is a franchise that may not be exercised except as prescribed by law.
§ 3 Right to appropriate; priorities
The right to divert unappropriated waters of natural streams for beneficial use is guaranteed, with priority given to those first in time.
§ 4 Continuing rights to water guaranteed
Water dedicated to a beneficial use continues to be dedicated to that use as long as it is beneficially applied.
§ 5 Priorities and limitations on use
In times of scarcity, domestic use has preference over all others, and agricultural use has preference over manufacturing use.
§ 6 Establishment of maximum rates
The legislature provides for the establishment of reasonable maximum rates to be charged for the use of water.
§ 7 State water resource agency
A state water resource agency plans, constructs, and operates projects for the conservation and development of the state's water resources.
Article XVI Livestock
§ 1 Laws to protect livestock
The legislature passes all necessary laws to protect the livestock interests of the state from disease and to encourage the industry.
Article XVII State Boundaries
§ 1 Name and boundaries of state
The name of the state is Idaho, whose boundaries are those established in the enabling act on admission to the Union.
Article XVIII County Organization
§ 1 Existing counties recognized
The counties existing when the Constitution took effect are recognized as legal subdivisions of the state.
§ 2 Removal of county seats
County seats may not be removed except upon a vote of the qualified electors of the county.
§ 3 Division of counties
No county may be divided unless a majority of the qualified electors of the affected territory vote for it, with debt and property apportioned.
§ 4 New counties; size and valuation
No new county may be created that reduces any existing county below the minimum area and taxable valuation.
§ 4A Consolidation of counties
Two or more counties may consolidate upon approval of the electors of each county affected.
§ 5 System of county government
The legislature establishes a system of county government uniform throughout the state.
§ 6 County officers
The legislature provides for the election or appointment of county officers, prescribing their duties and terms.
§ 7 County officers; salaries
The compensation of county officers is fixed by law in proportion to the duties of the office.
§ 8 County officers; how paid
County officers are paid fixed salaries in lieu of fees, and fees collected are paid into the county treasury.
§ 9 County officers; liability for fees
County officers are liable to account for and pay over all fees collected in their official capacity.
§ 10 Board of county commissioners
A board of county commissioners transacts the business of the county as provided by law.
§ 11 Duties of officers
The legislature prescribes the duties and powers of county and township officers.
§ 12 Optional forms of county government
Counties may adopt optional or alternative forms of government as provided by the legislature.
Article XIX Apportionment
§ 1 Senatorial districts
The state is divided into senatorial districts as apportioned according to the Constitution and law.
§ 2 Representative districts
The state is divided into representative districts as apportioned according to the Constitution and law.
Article XX Amendments
§ 1 How amendments may be proposed
Amendments may be proposed in either house and, if agreed to by two-thirds of each house, are submitted to the electors for approval by a majority.
§ 2 Submission of several amendments
When several amendments are submitted, they are voted on separately so the electors may approve or reject each.
§ 3 Revision or amendment by convention
A constitutional convention may be called by a two-thirds vote of each house submitted to the electors.
§ 4 Submission of revised constitution to people
Any constitution or revision framed by a convention is submitted to the electors for ratification.
Article XXI Schedule and Ordinance
§ 1 Judicial proceedings continued
All pending judicial proceedings continue unimpaired into the state courts.
§ 2 Laws continued in force
Territorial laws not inconsistent with the Constitution remain in force until amended or repealed.
§ 3 Territorial fines and forfeitures accrue to state
Fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the territory accrue to the state.
§ 4 Territorial bonds and obligations pass to state
The debts and obligations of the territory are assumed by and pass to the state.
§ 5 Territorial officers to continue in office
Territorial officers continue in office until superseded by state officers.
§ 6 Submission of Constitution to electors
The Constitution was submitted to the electors of the territory for ratification.
§ 7 When Constitution takes effect
The Constitution takes effect upon the state's admission into the Union.
§ 8 Election proclamation to be issued
The governor issued a proclamation ordering the election on ratification and for state officers.
§ 9 Election to be ordered; conduct of election
The election was ordered and conducted as directed by the schedule.
§ 10 Canvass of election returns
The returns of the election were canvassed as provided in the schedule.
§ 11 Certificates of election
Certificates of election were issued to the officers elected.
§ 12 Qualifications of officers
Officers elected under the schedule took office upon meeting the qualifications required.
§ 13 Tenure of office
The terms of the first officers elected were fixed by the schedule.
§ 14 Convention of first legislature
The first legislature convened at the time set by the schedule after admission.
§ 15 Legislature to pass necessary laws
The first legislature passed all laws necessary to carry the Constitution into effect.
§ 16 Transfer of cases to state courts
Cases pending in the territorial courts were transferred to the appropriate state courts.
§ 17 Seals of courts
The courts continued to use existing seals until new ones were provided.
§ 18 Transfer of probate matters
Probate matters pending in territorial courts were transferred to the state courts.
§ 19 Religious freedom guaranteed; disclaimer of Indian lands
Religious freedom is guaranteed, and the state disclaims title to unappropriated public lands and Indian lands.
§ 20 Adoption of federal Constitution
The people of Idaho adopt the Constitution of the United States.
Full, verbatim text at Idaho State Legislature