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A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
To direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
Summary
This joint resolution directs the President to remove United States Armed Forces from any hostilities within or against Iran that have not been explicitly authorized by Congress through a declaration of war or specific authorization for military force. The resolution notes that Congress has not declared war on Iran or authorized military force against Iran. The resolution includes carve-outs that do not prevent the United States from defending against attacks on its personnel or facilities, conducting intelligence operations related to Iranian threats, or assisting allies like Israel with defensive measures.
AI-generated plain-language summary of the bill text — neutral, and may be imperfect. See the full text below for the exact wording.
Sponsor (1)
- Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA] (D-VA)
27 cosponsors
- Sen. Alsobrooks, Angela D. [D-MD] (D-MD)
- Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT] (D-CT)
- Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ] (D-NJ)
- Sen. Cantwell, Maria [D-WA] (D-WA)
- Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE] (D-DE)
- Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL] (D-IL)
- Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL] (D-IL)
- Sen. Gallego, Ruben [D-AZ] (D-AZ)
- Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY] (D-NY)
- Sen. Heinrich, Martin [D-NM] (D-NM)
- Sen. Hirono, Mazie K. [D-HI] (D-HI)
- Sen. Kim, Andy [D-NJ] (D-NJ)
- Sen. King, Angus S., Jr. [I-ME] (I-ME)
- Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] (D-MA)
- Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR] (D-OR)
- Sen. Murphy, Christopher [D-CT] (D-CT)
- Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA] (D-WA)
- Sen. Padilla, Alex [D-CA] (D-CA)
- Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY] (R-KY)
- Sen. Sanders, Bernard [I-VT] (I-VT)
- Sen. Schatz, Brian [D-HI] (D-HI)
- Sen. Schiff, Adam B. [D-CA] (D-CA)
- Sen. Schumer, Charles E. [D-NY] (D-NY)
- Sen. Van Hollen, Chris [D-MD] (D-MD)
- Sen. Warren, Elizabeth [D-MA] (D-MA)
- Sen. Welch, Peter [D-VT] (D-VT)
- Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR] (D-OR)
Actions (3)
- Mar 4, 2026 Motion to discharge Senate Committee on Foreign Relations rejected by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 46. (consideration: CR S796) · senate
- Jan 29, 2026 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. · senate
- Jan 29, 2026 Introduced in Senate
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Roll-call votes (1)
How the chamber voted on this bill — the outcome, the tally by party, and every member's recorded position. A factual record.
- On the Motion to DischargeMotion to Discharge Rejected
47 Yea · 53 Nay
- Democrats3Yea1Nay
- Republicans0Yea3Nay
- Independents1Yea0Nay
The party tally and member list below cover the 8 of 100 positions we've recorded so far; the outcome above is the official chamber result.
See how each member voted (8)
Similar bills (6)
Bills with similar text or summary — includes reintroductions across Congresses. Ranked by semantic similarity of the bill text (computed locally); a neutral discovery aid, not a claim the bills are duplicates.
Full text
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
January 29, 2026
Mr. Kaine (for himself and Mr. Paul) introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
JOINT RESOLUTION
To direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Congress has the sole power to declare war under article I, section 8, clause 11 of the United States Constitution.
(2) The President has a constitutional responsibility to take actions to defend the United States, its territories, its possessions, citizens, service members, and diplomats from attack.
(3) Congress has not declared war upon Iran or any person or organization within Iran, nor enacted a specific statutory authorization for the use of military force within or against Iran.
(4) The use of military force within or against Iran constitutes the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities within the meaning of section 4(a) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1543(a)).
(5) Section 1013 of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a) provides that any joint resolution or bill requiring the removal of United States Armed Forces from imminent engagement in hostilities without a declaration of war or specific statutory authorization shall be considered in accordance with the expedited procedures under section 601(b) of the International Security and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-
329).
SEC. 2. REMOVAL OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES FROM HOSTILITIES WITHIN OR AGAINST IRAN.
(a) Removal.—Pursuant to section 1013 of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a), and in accordance with section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329), Congress hereby directs the President to remove the United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Iran, unless explicitly authorized by a declaration of war or a specific authorization for use of military force.
(b) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section may be construed to prevent the United States from—
(1) defending against an attack on the United States or its personnel or facilities in other nations;
(2) collecting, analyzing, or sharing intelligence, including with the State of Israel and other nations and international organizations as appropriate, related to threats from Iran or its proxies; or
(3) assisting Israel and other nations—
(A) in taking defensive measures to protect their territory from retaliatory attacks by Iran or its proxies; or
(B) by providing defensive materiel support for such defensive measures. <all>
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