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To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to require the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives to establish an administrative relief process for individuals whose applications for transfer and registration of a firearm were denied, and for other purposes.
Summary
This bill would amend firearm transfer and registration procedures under the Internal Revenue Code. It would require the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) to provide an administrative appeals process for applicants whose firearm transfer or registration applications are denied, including providing the NICS transaction number and allowing applicants to submit information to prevent future erroneous denials. Successful appellants would be reimbursed for reasonable attorney fees. The bill would also establish a 90-calendar-day deadline for ATF to approve or deny applications; applications not decided within 90 days would be deemed automatically approved and the transfer or registration could proceed. The bill requires reports from the Government Accountability Office and Department of Justice Inspector General on unresolved background checks and FBI administration of NICS inquiries, and directs ATF and FBI to enter into a memorandum of understanding regarding NICS processing.
AI-generated plain-language summary of the bill text — neutral, and may be imperfect. See the full text below for the exact wording.
Sponsor (1)
- Rep. Fulcher, Russ [R-ID-1] (R-ID)
1 cosponsor
Money behind the sponsor
Top reported contributors to Russ Fulcher’s campaign committee (2024 cycle) — who funds the bill’s sponsor, not a claim about this bill. Data from FEC.
- TREE TOP RANCHES $12,000
- HARRIS FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP $8,267
- NULL $7,550
- THE PACIFIC COMPANIES $6,600
- ULINE $6,600
Organizations whose employees gave the most — itemized individual contributions grouped by the donor’s reported employer (FEC Schedule A). Full finance for Russ Fulcher → · Outside spending →
Actions (2)
- Jan 22, 2025 Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. · house
- Jan 22, 2025 Introduced in House
More bills on these subjects (8)
Other bills that carry the most legislative subjects in common with this one (topical discovery — distinct from the procedural related bills above).
Similar bills (6)
Bills with similar text or summary — includes reintroductions across Congresses. Ranked by semantic similarity of the bill text (computed locally); a neutral discovery aid, not a claim the bills are duplicates.
Text versions (1)
Bills are re-published as they move (Introduced → Reported → Engrossed → Enrolled …). Each stage below is a separate text; pick two to see what changed. Data from Congress.gov.
Full text
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
January 22, 2025
Mr. Fulcher introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to require the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives to establish an administrative relief process for individuals whose applications for transfer and registration of a firearm were denied, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “ATF Transparency Act”.
SEC. 2. ADMINISTRATIVE RELIEF FOR DENIAL OF FIREARM TRANSFER APPLICATION.
(a) In General.—Section 5812 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(c) Administrative Relief.—
“(1) In general.—With respect to any application described in subsection (a) for the transfer and registration of a firearm which is denied by the Secretary based on a determination that transferring the firearm to the transferee would violate subsection (d) of section 922 of title 18, United States Code, or receipt of the firearm by the transferee would violate subsection (g) or (n) of that section or State, local, or tribal law, the Secretary shall—
“(A) provide the transferee with the relevant NICS transaction number with respect to such application,
“(B) permit such transferee to appeal such denial to the Secretary in a manner similar to the process for appeals provided under section 25.10 of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations, and
“(C) permit such transferee to provide information to the Secretary to prevent any subsequent erroneous denial or extended delay by NICS pursuant to a program (as established by the Secretary) similar to the Voluntary Appeal File program described in section 25.10(g) of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations.
“(2) Attorney fees.—In the case of any successful appeal by the transferee pursuant to the process described in paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall reimburse the transferee for any reasonable and necessary attorney fees incurred with respect to such appeal.
“(3) NICS.—For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘NICS’ means the national instant criminal background check system established under section 103 of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (34 U.S.C. 40901).”.
(b) Effective Date.—The amendment made by this section shall apply to applications for the transfer and registration of a firearm which are filed or pending on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 3. TIMELY PROCESSING OF APPLICATIONS.
(a) Transfer of Firearms.—Section 5812 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by section 2, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(d) Processing of Applications.—Notwithstanding subsection (a), if an application described in such subsection with respect to the transfer and registration of a firearm has been filed with the Secretary and the Secretary fails to make a determination regarding whether to approve or deny such application prior to the date which is 90 calendar days after the date on which such application was originally filed by the transferor, the transfer and registration of such firearm to the transferee shall be deemed to have been approved by the Secretary for purposes of this section and such transfer may be made. The Secretary shall only deny an application described in subsection (a) on the grounds that the applicable requirements under such subsection have not been satisfied, and may not deny an application solely on the grounds that a determination regarding whether to approve or deny such application could not be completed by the Secretary during the period described in the preceding sentence.”.
(b) Making of Firearms.—Section 5822 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following: “Notwithstanding the preceding sentences, if a person files an application to make and register a firearm with the Secretary and the Secretary fails to make a determination regarding whether to approve or deny such application prior to the date which is 90 calendar days after the date on which such application was originally filed by such person, such application shall be deemed to have been approved by the Secretary for purposes of this section and such firearm may be made by such person. The Secretary shall only deny an application to make and register a firearm on the grounds that the applicable requirements under this section have not been satisfied, and may not deny an application solely on the grounds that a determination regarding whether to approve or deny such application could not be completed by the Secretary during the period described in the preceding sentence.”.
(c) Effective Date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to applications which are filed or pending on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 4. REPORTS AND AGREEMENTS.
(a) Unresolved NICS Checks.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States, in conjunction with the Inspector General of the Department of Justice, shall submit a report to Congress—
(1) detailing the number of NICS inquiries received during the period of calendar years 2010 through 2021 with respect to the transfer of a firearm which remained unresolved following the expiration of the 90-day period described in section 25.9(b)(1) of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations; and
(2) providing recommendations for administrative actions to be adopted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives to minimize the number of unresolved NICS inquiries described in paragraph (1).
(b) Administration of NICS Checks.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall submit a report to Congress regarding the percentage of NICS inquiries during the period of calendar years 2014 through 2021 with respect to the transfer of a firearm which were administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation on behalf of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.
(c) Memorandum of Understanding.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives and the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall enter into a memorandum of understanding regarding the administration and processing of NICS inquiries with respect to the transfer of firearms.
(d) Definitions.—In this section—
(1) Firearm.—The term “firearm” has the same meaning given such term under section 5845(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(2) NICS.—The term “NICS” means the national instant criminal background check system established under section 103 of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (34 U.S.C. 40901). <all>
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