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Human-Animal Chimera Prohibition Act of 2025
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain types of human-animal chimeras.
Summary
This bill establishes federal criminal and civil penalties for creating certain types of human-animal chimeras—organisms containing genetic material from both humans and other species. It specifically prohibits creating embryos that mix human and nonhuman cells in ways that render species membership uncertain, producing hybrid embryos through cross-species fertilization, and transferring such embryos into wombs. Prohibited activities also include engineering nonhuman organisms to contain human brains, human neural tissue, or distinctly human facial features. Violations carry criminal penalties of up to 10 years imprisonment and fines, as well as civil fines up to $1 million or twice the gross gain from the violation. The bill does not restrict standard transgenic animal research or organ and tissue transplantation.
AI-generated plain-language summary of the bill text — neutral, and may be imperfect. See the full text below for the exact wording.
Sponsor (1)
3 cosponsors
Money behind the sponsor
Top reported contributors to Christopher H. Smith’s campaign committee (2024 cycle) — who funds the bill’s sponsor, not a claim about this bill. Data from FEC.
- WINDMILL HEALTH PRODUCTS $6,600
- ZAIS GROUP, LLC $6,600
- BLUFF POINT ASSOCIATES $6,600
- HILL & COMPANY $6,600
- SAKER SHOP RITE $6,600
Organizations whose employees gave the most — itemized individual contributions grouped by the donor’s reported employer (FEC Schedule A). Full finance for Christopher H. Smith → · Outside spending →
Actions (2)
- Mar 14, 2025 Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary. · house
- Mar 14, 2025 Introduced in House
Similar bills (6)
Bills with similar text or summary — includes reintroductions across Congresses. Ranked by semantic similarity of the bill text (computed locally); a neutral discovery aid, not a claim the bills are duplicates.
Text versions (1)
Bills are re-published as they move (Introduced → Reported → Engrossed → Enrolled …). Each stage below is a separate text; pick two to see what changed. Data from Congress.gov.
Full text
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
March 14, 2025
Mr. Smith of New Jersey (for himself, Mr. Harris of Maryland, Mrs. Miller of Illinois, and Mr. Aderholt) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain types of human-animal chimeras.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the “Human-Animal Chimera Prohibition Act of 2025”.
SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN HUMAN-ANIMAL CHIMERAS.
Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 51 the following:
“CHAPTER 52—CERTAIN TYPES OF HUMAN-ANIMAL CHIMERAS PROHIBITED
“Sec. “1131. Definitions. “1132. Prohibition on certain human-animal chimeras. “Sec. 1131. Definitions “In this chapter the following definitions apply:
“(1) Prohibited human-animal chimera.—The term ‘prohibited human-animal chimera’ means—
“(A) a human embryo into which a nonhuman cell or cells (or the component parts thereof) have been introduced to render the embryo’s membership in the species Homo sapiens uncertain;
“(B) a human-animal embryo produced by fertilizing a human egg with nonhuman sperm;
“(C) a human-animal embryo produced by fertilizing a nonhuman egg with human sperm;
“(D) an embryo produced by introducing a nonhuman nucleus into a human egg;
“(E) an embryo produced by introducing a human nucleus into a nonhuman egg;
“(F) an embryo containing at least haploid sets of chromosomes from both a human and a nonhuman life form;
“(G) a nonhuman life form engineered such that human gametes develop within the body of a nonhuman life form;
“(H) a nonhuman life form engineered such that it contains a human brain or a brain derived wholly or predominantly from human neural tissues;
“(I) a nonhuman life form engineered such that it exhibits human facial features or other bodily morphologies to resemble human features; or
“(J) an embryo produced by mixing human and nonhuman cells, such that—
“(i) human gametes develop within the body of the resultant organism;
“(ii) it contains a human brain or a brain derived wholly or predominantly from human neural tissues; or
“(iii) it exhibits human facial features or other bodily morphologies to resemble human features.
“(2) Human embryo.—The term ‘human embryo’ means an organism of the species Homo sapiens during the earliest stages of development, from 1 cell up to 8 weeks. “Sec. 1132. Prohibition on certain human-animal chimeras
“(a) In General.—It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate commerce—
“(1) create or attempt to create a prohibited human-animal chimera;
“(2) transfer or attempt to transfer a human embryo into a nonhuman womb;
“(3) transfer or attempt to transfer a nonhuman embryo into a human womb; or
“(4) transport or receive for any purpose a prohibited human-animal chimera.
“(b) Penalties.—
“(1) In general.—Whoever violates subsection (a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
“(2) Civil penalty.—Whoever violates subsection (a) and derives pecuniary gain from such violation shall be subject to a civil fine of the greater of $1,000,000 and an amount equal to the amount of the gross gain multiplied by 2.
“(c) Rule of Construction.—This section does not prohibit research involving the use of transgenic animal models containing human genes or transplantation of human organs, tissues, or cells into recipient animals, if such activities are not prohibited under subsection (a).”.
SEC. 3. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.
The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 51 the following:
“52. Certain types of human-animal chimeras prohibited.”. <all>
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