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HJRES 28
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Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Introduced Jan 22, 2025

Latest action (Jan 22, 2025) Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Referred to
Judiciary Committee
Policy area
Law
Legislative subjects (3)
Constitution and constitutional amendmentsJudgesSupreme Court

Summary

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment that would require the Supreme Court of the United States to be composed of nine justices. If passed by two-thirds of both the Senate and House, the amendment would need to be ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures within seven years to become part of the Constitution. The amendment would establish the number of justices at nine through constitutional law rather than statute.

AI-generated plain-language summary of the bill text — neutral, and may be imperfect. See the full text below for the exact wording.

Sponsor (1)
108 cosponsors

Money behind the sponsor

Top reported contributors to Dusty Johnson’s campaign committee (2024 cycle) — who funds the bill’s sponsor, not a claim about this bill. Data from FEC.

  • NULL $68,175
  • SANFORD HEALTH $31,000
  • STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA $28,050
  • AVERA HEALTH $18,200
  • VANTAGE POINT $15,205

Organizations whose employees gave the most — itemized individual contributions grouped by the donor’s reported employer (FEC Schedule A). Full finance for Dusty Johnson → · Outside spending →

Actions (2)
  1. Jan 22, 2025 Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary. · house
  2. Jan 22, 2025 Introduced in House

More bills on these subjects (8)

Other bills that carry the most legislative subjects in common with this one (topical discovery — distinct from the procedural related bills above).

  • HJRES 1 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices. (shares 3 subjects)
  • SJRES 16 — A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices. (shares 3 subjects)
  • HR 7006 — Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2026 (shares 2 subjects)
  • HR 5166 — Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2026 (shares 2 subjects)
  • HR 1074 — Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2025 (shares 2 subjects)
  • S 399 — Protecting Our Supreme Court Justices Act of 2025 (shares 2 subjects)
  • S 4638 — National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (shares 2 subjects)
  • S 359 — Supreme Court Ethics, Recusal, and Transparency Act of 2023 (shares 2 subjects)

Similar bills (6)

Bills with similar text or summary — includes reintroductions across Congresses. Ranked by semantic similarity of the bill text (computed locally); a neutral discovery aid, not a claim the bills are duplicates.

  • HJRES 1 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices. · Introduced Jul 6, 2026 · Cong. 119 90%
  • SJRES 16 — A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices. · Introduced Feb 6, 2025 · Cong. 119 86%
  • HJRES 9 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibiting the United States Government from increasing its debt except for a specific purpose by law adopted by three-fourths of the membership of each House of Congress. · Introduced Jan 3, 2025 · Cong. 119 63%
  • HJRES 29 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide that no person shall be elected to the office of the President more than three times. · Introduced Jan 23, 2025 · Cong. 119 63%
  • HJRES 145 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to limit the terms of office of the judges of the Supreme Court and inferior courts. · Introduced Jan 30, 2026 · Cong. 119 62%
  • HJRES 12 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to limit the number of terms that a Member of Congress may serve. · Introduced Jan 6, 2025 · Cong. 119 62%

Text versions (1)
  • Introduced in House · Jan 22, 2025

Only one text version is on file, so there’s no earlier version to compare against yet.

Full text

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

January 22, 2025

Mr. Johnson of South Dakota (for himself, Mr. Webster of Florida, Mr. Fleischmann, Mr. Estes, Ms. Tenney, Mr. Hudson, Mr. Balderson, Mr. Dunn of Florida, Ms. Foxx, Mr. Rose, Mr. Bacon, Mr. Biggs of Arizona, Ms. Van Duyne, Mr. Feenstra, Mr. Harrigan, Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia, Mrs. Cammack, Mr. Crenshaw, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Fulcher, Ms. Hageman, Mr. Rouzer, Mr. Zinke, Mr. Yakym, Mr. Guest, Mr. Moolenaar, Mrs. Fischbach, Mr. Rutherford, Mr. Moran, Mr. Buchanan, Ms. Letlow, Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania, Ms. Malliotakis, Mrs. Houchin, Mr. Fry, Mr. Ezell, Mr. Ogles, Mr. Ciscomani, Mr. Weber of Texas, Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Jackson of Texas, Mr. Mann, Mr. Issa, Ms. Salazar, Mr. Amodei of Nevada, Mrs. Harshbarger, Mr. Perry, Mr. Huizenga, Ms. De La Cruz, Mr. Timmons, Mr. Alford, Mr. Massie, Mr. Kelly of Mississippi, Mr. Scott Franklin of Florida, Mr. Aderholt, Mr. Sessions, Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Mr. Flood, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, Mr. Garbarino, Mr. Donalds, Mr. Grothman, Mrs. Bice, Mr. LaLota, Mr. Moore of Alabama, Mr. Calvert, Mr. Hill of Arkansas, Mr. Guthrie, Mrs. Miller of Illinois, Mr. Smith of Nebraska, Mr. Lawler, Mr. Miller of Ohio, and Mr. Schmidt) submitted the following joint resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

JOINT RESOLUTION

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:

“Article—

“The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices.”. <all>

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